A Heresy in a Word

The provided sources offer an extensive academic survey of magic and divination during the formative period of the Islamic world. This collection of scholarly articles examines how early Muslims integrated pre-Islamic traditions from Greek, Sasanian, and Mesopotamian cultures into a unique religious framework. Key themes include the role of astrology and geomancy in predicting the future, as well as the use of talismans and magic squares for healing and protection. The texts highlight a vital distinction between rationalised sciences like astrometeorology and more intuitive practices such as dream interpretation. Furthermore, the material explores the tension between occult practices and strict monotheism, illustrating how magic often functioned as a "supercharged prayer" addressed to God or His intercessors. Together, these studies demonstrate that esoteric beliefs were deeply embedded in the social and intellectual fabric of medieval Islamic society.